In addition to reproductions of printed matter, we use various processes to create these materials. This includes the process of collating. In collating, we create an order in which printed matter is organized. The amount of process colors is arranged so that the image simulates the original scene or photograph. These press sheets are called shells. Another process is called screening. Screening refers to the intersection of two press sheets with different angles. A common screen angle is a black 45 degree, whereas a white 45 degree angle is also common.
Before going to the printing process, it is important to choose the correct paper for the job. Paper must have a specific thickness, as this affects the final color. A suitable paper is made by coating it with a thin film of plastic. The ink used is composed of pigments that mimic metal. The color ink can vary from 30 to 70% coverage. Using a specialized printer, you can choose an environmentally-friendly ink.
Gravure printing is commonly used for long-run projects, such as a catalog. It is also used for decorative plastic laminates, postage stamps, and fabric. Laser printing is used primarily for transactional printing, such as variable data letters, and intaglio printing is a traditional process for high-value documents. Intaglio printing was popular in the 1990s for fax printing, but has since lost popularity in favor of digital printing. These processes are still popular, though, as they allow for paper sizes of 120 by 160 inches.